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World > Asia >
Mongolia > Geography (Facts)
Mongolia - Geography (Facts) |
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Location: |
Northern Asia, between China and Russia |
Geographic coordinates: |
46 00 N, 105 00 E |
Map references: |
Asia |
Area: |
total: 1,564,116 sq km |
Area - comparative: |
slightly smaller than Alaska |
Land boundaries: |
total: 8,220 km border countries: China 4,677 km, Russia 3,543 km |
Coastline: |
0 km (landlocked) |
Maritime claims: |
none (landlocked) |
Climate: |
desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges) |
Terrain: |
vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central |
Elevation extremes: |
lowest point: Hoh Nuur 518 m highest point: Nayramadlin Orgil (Huyten Orgil) 4,374 m |
Natural resources: |
oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron |
Land use: |
arable land: 0.76% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.24% (2005) |
Irrigated land: |
840 sq km (2003) |
Natural hazards: |
dust storms, grassland and forest fires, drought, and 'zud,' which is harsh winter conditions |
Environment - current issues: |
limited natural fresh water resources in some areas; the policies of former Communist regimes promoted rapid urbanization and industrial growth that had negative effects on the environment; the burning of soft coal in power plants and the lack of enforcement of environmental laws severely polluted the air in Ulaanbaatar; deforestation, overgrazing, and the converting of virgin land to agricultural production increased soil erosion from wind and rain; desertification and mining activities had a deleterious effect on the environment |
Environment - international agreements: |
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
Geography - note: |
landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia |
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